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Input / Output
source("my.R") data(f) library(s) read.table(f) sep="" is any whitespace by default
header=TRUE to read the first line as a header of column names
as.is=TRUE to prevent character vectors from being converted to factors
comment.char="" to prevent "#" from being interpreted as a comment
skip=n to skip n lines before reading data
see the help for options on row naming, NA treatment, and others
read.csv(f,header=TRUE) read.delim(f,header=TRUE) read.fwf(f,widths,header=FALSE,sep="",as.is=FALSE) widths is an integer vector, giving the widths of the fixed-width fields
save(f,...) save.image(f) load(f) cat(..., file=f, sep="") print(a, ...) format(x, ...) write.table(x, file=f, row.names=TRUE, col.names=TRUE, sep="") if quote is TRUE, character or factor columns are surrounded by quotes (")
sep is the field separator, eol is the end-of-line separator
na is the string for missing values
col.names=NA to add a blank column header to get the column headers aligned correctly for spreadsheet input
sink(f) Most of the I/O functions have a file argument and means the standard input or output. Connections can include files, pipes, zipped files, clipboard and R variables
df <- read.delim("clipboard") write.table(df,"clipboard",sep="\t",col.names=NA) For database interaction, see packages RODBC, DBI, RMySQL, RPgSQL, ROracle, for other file formats see XML, hdf5, netCDF
Data creation
с(...) seq(from, to, by = ) seq(from, to, len = ) rep(x, times) list(...) data.frame(...) array(data, dims) matrix(data, nrow = , ncol = , byrow = ) factor(x, levels = ) gl(n, k, length = n*k, labels = 1:n) rbind(...) cbind(...)